미래 계획과 의도: -(으)ㄹ 거예요
목표 (Mục Tiêu / Learning Objectives)
After this lesson, you will:
- Understand -(으)ㄹ 거예요 as a pattern for future plans and intentions
- Talk about what you plan or intend to do
- Make simple statements about future actions
- Distinguish future plans from present actions
- Use -(으)ㄹ 거예요 in simple Korean sentences
Tiếng Việt So Sánh (Vietnamese Comparison)
Vietnamese commonly uses expressions such as “sẽ”, “định”, “dự định” when talking about future actions.
For example:
- Tôi sẽ đi học ngày mai. — I will go to school tomorrow.
- Tôi định học tiếng Hàn. — I plan to study Korean.
- Tôi sẽ gặp bạn vào cuối tuần. — I will meet my friend on the weekend.
Korean commonly uses -(으)ㄹ 거예요 to express future plans, intentions, or predictions.
내일 학교에 갈 거예요. — I will go to school tomorrow.
한국어를 공부할 거예요. — I will study Korean.
주말에 친구를 만날 거예요. — I will meet my friend on the weekend.
The context helps determine whether the sentence means a plan/intention or a prediction.
Khái Niệm (The Concept)
-(으)ㄹ 거예요 — Future plans and intentions
-(으)ㄹ 거예요 is commonly used when the speaker talks about something that will happen in the future.
It is especially useful when talking about a plan or intention.
Verb + -(으)ㄹ 거예요
갈 거예요 = will go
먹을 거예요 = will eat
공부할 거예요 = will study
Example:
내일 공부할 거예요.
I will study tomorrow.
The speaker is talking about a future action or plan.
Talking about someone else's future action
The same pattern can also describe another person's expected future action.
민수는 내일 학교에 갈 거예요.
Minsu will go to school tomorrow.
The speaker expects or knows that Minsu will go to school.
Cấu Trúc (Structure)
Basic pattern
Verb stem + -(으)ㄹ 거예요
If the verb stem has no final consonant (받침):
가다 → 갈 거예요
보다 → 볼 거예요
공부하다 → 공부할 거예요
If the verb stem has a final consonant (받침):
먹다 → 먹을 거예요
읽다 → 읽을 거예요
앉다 → 앉을 거예요
Verbs ending in ㄹ
If the verb stem ends in ㄹ, use -ㄹ 거예요.
살다 → 살 거예요
만들다 → 만들 거예요
열다 → 열 거예요
Do not add -을 거예요 after ㄹ.
Quy Tắc (Rules)
Rule 1: No final consonant → -ㄹ 거예요
가다 → 갈 거예요.
I will go.
보다 → 볼 거예요.
I will watch.
Rule 2: Final consonant → -을 거예요
먹다 → 먹을 거예요.
I will eat.
읽다 → 읽을 거예요.
I will read.
Rule 3: Final consonant ㄹ → -ㄹ 거예요
만들다 → 만들 거예요.
I will make it.
열다 → 열 거예요.
I will open it.
예제 (Examples)
Example 1: Future plans
내일 학교에 갈 거예요.
I will go to school tomorrow.
The speaker is talking about a future plan.
주말에 친구를 만날 거예요.
I will meet my friend on the weekend.
The meeting is planned for the future.
Example 2: Studying Korean
저는 한국어를 공부할 거예요.
I will study Korean.
The speaker has a plan or intention to study Korean.
오늘 저녁에 숙제를 할 거예요.
I will do my homework this evening.
The homework is planned for later.
Example 3: Future prediction
내일 비가 올 거예요.
It will rain tomorrow.
Here, -(으)ㄹ 거예요 expresses a prediction rather than the speaker's personal plan.
아마 늦을 거예요.
It will probably be late.
The speaker predicts a future situation.
계획과 예측 비교
| 계획 / 의도 | 예측 | |
|---|---|---|
| Basic meaning | plan / intention | prediction |
| Who controls the action | Usually the subject | Not necessarily the subject |
| Example | 저는 공부할 거예요 | 내일 비가 올 거예요 |
| Meaning | I plan to study | It will rain tomorrow |
기억하기 (Remember)
-(으)ㄹ 거예요 → future
A useful question is:
“Is this talking about something that will happen in the future?”
- Future plan → -(으)ㄹ 거예요
- Future prediction → -(으)ㄹ 거예요
The context tells us whether it is a plan or prediction.
흔한 실수 (Common Errors)
Mistake 1: Using the present tense for a clear future plan
If you want to clearly express a future plan:
❌ 내일 학교에 가요.
This can sometimes mean “I am going to school tomorrow,” but it does not specifically teach the future pattern.
✓ 내일 학교에 갈 거예요.
I will go to school tomorrow.
Mistake 2: Using -을 after a vowel
❌ 가을 거예요.
✓ 갈 거예요.
The verb 가다 has no final consonant, so use -ㄹ 거예요.
Mistake 3: Adding 을 after ㄹ
❌ 만들을 거예요.
✓ 만들 거예요.
The verb stem 만들- already ends in ㄹ.
Mistake 4: Forgetting the space before 거예요
The correct form is written with a space:
✓ 갈 거예요.
Not:
❌ 갈거예요.
거예요 is written separately from the preceding verb form.
어휘 (Vocabulary)
| Korean | Romanization | English | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 내일 | naeil | tomorrow | ngày mai |
| 오늘 | oneul | today | hôm nay |
| 주말 | jumal | weekend | cuối tuần |
| 계획 | gyehoek | plan | kế hoạch |
| 공부하다 | gongbuhada | study | học |
| 가다 | gada | go | đi |
| 오다 | oda | come | đến |
| 먹다 | meokda | eat | ăn |
| 만나다 | mannada | meet | gặp |
| 만들다 | mandeulda | make | làm / tạo |
연습 (Practice)
Change each verb into the future form -(으)ㄹ 거예요.
Practice 1
You plan to go to school tomorrow.
내일 학교에 ___.
Answer: 갈 거예요
Practice 2
You plan to eat dinner tonight.
오늘 저녁을 ___.
Answer: 먹을 거예요
Practice 3
You plan to study Korean.
한국어를 ___.
Answer: 공부할 거예요
Practice 4
You predict that it will rain tomorrow.
내일 비가 ___.
Answer: 올 거예요
퀴즈 (Quiz)
요약 (Summary)
The key idea is:
- -(으)ㄹ 거예요 = will / be going to
- It is commonly used for future plans and intentions.
- It can also express a prediction about the future.
- The verb stem determines whether to use -ㄹ or -을.
Basic patterns:
No final consonant → -ㄹ 거예요
가다 → 갈 거예요
보다 → 볼 거예요
Final consonant → -을 거예요
먹다 → 먹을 거예요
읽다 → 읽을 거예요
Final consonant ㄹ → -ㄹ 거예요
만들다 → 만들 거예요
열다 → 열 거예요
Compare:
저는 한국어를 공부해요.
I study Korean.
저는 한국어를 공부할 거예요.
I will study Korean.
The most important skill is to recognize that -(으)ㄹ 거예요 connects an action or situation to the future, especially a plan, intention, or prediction.
Next lesson: We'll learn how to describe experiences using -아/어 본 적이 있어요.